SoK: From Silicon to Netlist and Beyond Two Decades of Hardware Reverse Engineering Research
By Zehra Karadağ 1,2, Simon Klix 2, René Walendy 2, Felix Hahn 2, Kolja Dorschel 2, Julian Speith 2, Christof Paar 2, Steffen Becker 1,2
1 Ruhr University Bochum
2 Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy
Abstract
As hardware serves as the root of trust in modern computing systems, Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) is foundational for security assurance. In practice, HRE enables critical security applications, including design verification, supply-chain assurance, and vulnerability discovery. Over the past two decades, academic research on Integrated Circuit (IC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and netlist reverse engineering has steadily grown. However, knowledge remains fragmented across domains and communities, which complicates assessing the state of the art and hampers identifying shared research challenges. In this paper, we present a systematization of knowledge based on an in-depth analysis of 187 peer-reviewed publications. Using this corpus, we characterize technical methods across the HRE workflow and identify technical and organizational challenges that impede research progress. We analyze all 30 artifacts from our corpus using established artifact evaluation practices. Key results could be reproduced for only seven publications (4%). Based on our findings, we derive stakeholder-centric recommendations for academia, industry, and government to enable more coordinated and reproducible HRE research. These recommendations target three cross-cutting opportunities: (i) improving reproducibility and reuse via artifact-centric practices, (ii) enabling rigorous comparability through standardized benchmarks and evaluation metrics, and (iii) improving legal clarity for public HRE research.
To read the full article, click here
Related Semiconductor IP
- Zigbee Transceiver PHY
- Data Flow Architecture IP
- AMBA SPI Controller MRAM Controller
- Ethernet MAC
- Protocol Bridges
Related Articles
- The Growing Imperative Of Hardware Security Assurance In IP And SoC Design
- Larger IC makers won't shift to foundries, concludes research firm
- Introduction to XML for engineering applications
- Reverse Disaggregation - How Silicon IP Will Change the Semiconductor Supply Chain
Latest Articles
- A Low-Latency ASIC Architecture for Real-Time Line Segment Detection
- BitFair: A 12nm Bit-Serial CNN Accelerator with Learnable Early Termination and Adaptive Bit Ordering for Ultra-Low-Power XR Vision
- A Flexible Sparsity-Aware FPGA Accelerator with Column-Wise Compression for Efficient CNN Inference
- Reducing Instruction-Fetch Energy in RISC-V for Embedded AI Processing via Dynamic and Static Loop Caching
- SPARC: Automated Root-Cause Analysis of Pre-Silicon Power Side-Channel Leakage in the Processor Design Flow